Branched-Chain Fatty Acid Methyl Esters as Cold Flow Improvers for Biodiesel

被引:34
作者
Dunn, Robert O. [1 ]
Ngo, Helen L. [2 ]
Haas, Michael J. [2 ]
机构
[1] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA
[2] USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA
关键词
Branched-chain fatty acid methyl esters; Cloud point; Fatty acid methyl esters; Kinematic viscosity; Pour point; LOW-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; ALTERNATIVE DIESEL FUELS; FILTER PLUGGING POINT; CLOUD POINT; CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; KINEMATIC VISCOSITY; ENGINE PERFORMANCE; ISOPROPYL ESTERS; ALKYL ESTERS;
D O I
10.1007/s11746-015-2643-2
中图分类号
O69 [应用化学];
学科分类号
081704 ;
摘要
Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel derived mainly from the transesterification of plant oils with methanol or ethanol. This fuel is generally made from commodity oils such as canola, palm or soybean and has a number of properties that make it compatible in compression-ignition engines. Despite its many advantages, biodiesel has poor cold flow properties that may impact its deployment during cooler months in moderate temperature climates. This work is a study on the use of skeletally branched-chain-fatty acid methyl esters (BC-FAME) as additives and diluents to decrease the cloud point (CP) and pour point (PP) of biodiesel. Two BC-FAME, methyl iso-oleate and methyl iso-stearate isomers (Me iso-C-18:1 and Me iso-C-18:0), were tested in mixtures with fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) of canola, palm and soybean oil (CaME, PME and SME). Results showed that mixing linear FAME with up to 2 mass% BC-FAME did not greatly affect CP, PP or kinematic viscosity (nu) relative to the unmixed biodiesel fuels. In contrast, higher concentrations of BC-FAME, namely between 17 and 39 mass%, significantly improved CP and PP without raising nu in excess of limits in the biodiesel fuel standard specification ASTM D 6751. Furthermore, it is shown that biodiesel/Me iso-C-18:0 mixtures matched or exceeded the performance of biodiesel/Me iso-C-18:1 mixtures in terms of decreasing CP and PP under certain conditions. This was taken as evidence that additives or diluents with chemical structures based on long-chain saturated chains may be more effective at reducing the cold flow properties of mixtures with biodiesel than structures based on long-chain unsaturated chains.
引用
收藏
页码:853 / 869
页数:17
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