Better sleep, better life? How sleep quality influences children's life satisfaction

Purpose To assess the association between children's sleep quality and life satisfaction; and to evaluate the underlying mechanisms of this relationship. Methods Three pediatric cohorts in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Environmental influences on Child Health (ECHO) Research Program administered Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS(R)) parent-proxy measures to caregivers (n = 1111) who reported on their 5- to 9-year-old children's (n = 1251) sleep quality, psychological stress, general health, and life satisfaction; extant sociodemographic data were harmonized across cohorts. Bootstrapped path modeling of individual patient data meta-analysis was used to determine whether and to what extent stress and general health mediate the relationship between children's sleep quality and life satisfaction. Results Nonparametric bootstrapped path analyses with 1000 replications suggested children's sleep quality was associated with lower levels of stress and better general health, which, in turn, predicted higher levels of life satisfaction. Family environmental factors (i.e., income and maternal mental health) moderated these relationships. Conclusion Children who sleep well have happier lives than those with more disturbed sleep. Given the modifiable nature of children's sleep quality, this study offers evidence to inform future interventional studies on specific mechanisms to improve children's well-being.