Assessment and source quantification of heavy metal(loid)s in surface water using multivariate analyses from the Saigon River, Vietnam

被引:11
作者
Binh Thanh Nguyen [1 ]
Vinh Ngoc Nguyen [2 ]
Huong Thu Thi Truong [1 ]
Dung Doan Do [1 ]
Tong Xuan Nguyen [1 ]
Duong Thuy Phuc Nguyen [1 ]
My Hoang Nguyen [1 ]
Hao Phu Dong [1 ]
Anh Hung Le [1 ]
Quang-Vu Bach [3 ]
机构
[1] Ind Univ Ho Chi Minh City, Inst Environm Sci Engn & Management, 12 Nguyen Van Bao, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
[2] Int Univ Vietnam Natl Univ, Linh Trung Ward, Dept Environm Engn, Quarter 6, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
[3] Ton Duc Thang Univ, Fac Environm & Labour Safety, Sustainable Management Nat Resources & Environm R, Tan Phong Ward, 19 Nguyen Huu Tho,Dist 7, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
关键词
Ebb tide; Flood tide; Tidal effect; Seasonal variation; Saigon River; METALS; SEDIMENTS; QUALITY; CONTAMINATION; BASIN;
D O I
10.1007/s11356-020-08363-6
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
The metal concentration in surface water of a river could be affected by season, position, and oceanic process such as tide. The current study aimed to (1) examine the heavy metal(loid) concentration in surface water from the Saigon River as affected by the combination of season, tide, and position and (2) apportion and quantify pollution sources. Ninety-six surface water samples were collected from 13 sites on the River in four campaigns (rainy season + ebb tide, rainy season + flood tide, dry season + ebb tide, and dry season + flood tide). Eight heavy metal(loid)s (Al, B, Bi, Fe, Mn, Pb, Sr, and Zn) were measured and subjected to multivariate analyses. Three-way ANOVA showed that in the rainy season, the total concentration of the metal(loid)s (TCM) in two tides was not clearly different from each other while in the dry season the TCM was significantly higher during the ebb tide than during the flood tide. Principal component analysis/factor analysis and Pearson correlation matrix showed that the TCM could be derived from three main sources, grouped into anthropogenic activities such as industrial, agricultural, and domestic wastes from inside Ho Chi Minh city, and natural origins from lowland area and acid sulfate soil. Three pollution sources explained 70% and 68% of the total variance of TCM in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. In brief, the metal(loid) concentration was significantly affected by the season and tide and the pollution sources could be derived from inside Ho Chi Minh City and from lowland areas beyond the river estuary.
引用
收藏
页码:19383 / 19397
页数:15
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