Energy Intensity of Agriculture and Food Systems

被引:208
作者
Pelletier, Nathan [1 ]
Audsley, Eric [2 ]
Brodt, Sonja [3 ]
Garnett, Tara [5 ]
Henriksson, Patrik [6 ]
Kendall, Alissa [4 ]
Kramer, Klaas Jan [7 ]
Murphy, David [8 ]
Nemecek, Thomas [9 ]
Troell, Max [10 ,11 ]
机构
[1] Global Ecol Environm Consulting & Management Serv, Stratton, ON POW 1NO, Canada
[2] Cranfield Univ, Sch Appl Sci, Nat Resource Management Ctr, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England
[3] Univ Calif Davis, Agr Sustainabil Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA
[4] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA
[5] Univ Surrey, Food Climate Res Network, London N4 3BB, England
[6] Leiden Univ, Inst Environm Sci, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
[7] KJKramer Consulting, NL-1901 AT Castricum, Netherlands
[8] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA
[9] Agroscope Reckenholz Tanikon Res Stn ART, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland
[10] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
[11] Swedish Royal Acad Sci, Beijer Inst, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden
来源
ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES, VOL 36 | 2011年 / 36卷
基金
英国工程与自然科学研究理事会;
关键词
energy analysis; food security; energy productivity; energy efficiency; EROI; biofuels; LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS; ORGANIC AGRICULTURE; ECO-EFFICIENCY; GREENHOUSE-GAS; SUPPLY CHAINS; LARGE-SCALE; CROP; RETURN;
D O I
10.1146/annurev-environ-081710-161014
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
The relationships between energy use in food systems, food system productivity, and energy resource constraints are complex. Moreover, ongoing changes in food production and consumption norms concurrent with urbanization, globalization, and demographic changes underscore the importance of energy use in food systems as a food security concern. Here, we review the current state of knowledge with respect to the energy intensity of agriculture and food systems. We highlight key drivers and trends in food system energy use along with opportunities for and constraints on improved efficiencies. In particular, we point toward a current dearth of research with respect to the energy performance of food systems in developing countries and provide a cautionary note vis-a-vis increasing food system energy dependencies in the light of energy price volatility and concerns as to long-term fossil energy availabilities.
引用
收藏
页码:223 / 246
页数:24
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