Summers with low Arctic sea ice linked to persistence of spring atmospheric circulation patterns

被引:39
作者
Kapsch, Marie-Luise [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Skific, Natasa [4 ]
Graversen, Rune G. [5 ]
Tjernstrom, Michael [1 ,2 ]
Francis, Jennifer A. [4 ]
机构
[1] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
[2] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
[3] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 53, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
[4] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
[5] Univ Tromso, Dept Phys & Technol, Postbox 6050, N-9037 Tromso, Norway
基金
瑞典研究理事会;
关键词
Climate variability; Arctic sea ice; Self organizing maps (SOMs); Atmospheric circulation; Atmospheric energy transport; SELF-ORGANIZING MAPS; MELT; TRANSPORT; PERFORMANCE; RECORD; MASS;
D O I
10.1007/s00382-018-4279-z
中图分类号
P4 [大气科学(气象学)];
学科分类号
0706 ; 070601 ;
摘要
The declining trend of Arctic September sea ice constitutes a significant change in the Arctic climate system. Large year-to-year variations are superimposed on this sea-ice trend, with the largest variability observed in the eastern Arctic Ocean. Knowledge of the processes important for this variability may lead to an improved understanding of seasonal and long-term changes. Previous studies suggest that transport of heat and moisture into the Arctic during spring enhances downward surface longwave radiation, thereby controlling the annual melt onset, setting the stage for the September ice minimum. In agreement with these studies, we find that years with a low September sea-ice concentration (SIC) are characterized by more persistent periods in spring with enhanced energy flux to the surface in forms of net longwave radiation plus turbulent fluxes, compared to years with a high SIC. Two main atmospheric circulation patterns related to these episodes are identified: one resembles the so-called Arctic dipole anomaly that promotes transport of heat and moisture from the North Pacific, whereas the other is characterized by negative geopotential height anomalies over the Arctic, favoring cyclonic flow from Siberia and the Kara Sea into the eastern Arctic Ocean. However, differences between years with low and high September SIC appear not to be due to different spring circulation patterns; instead it is the persistence and intensity of processes associated with these patterns that distinguish the two groups of anomalous years: Years with low September SIC feature episodes that are consistently stronger and more persistent than years with high SIC.
引用
收藏
页码:2497 / 2512
页数:16
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