Exposure Assessment of Infants to Aflatoxin M1 through Consumption of Breast Milk and Infant Powdered Milk in Brazil

被引:57
作者
Ishikawa, Angelica T. [1 ]
Takabayashi-Yamashita, Cassia R. [2 ]
Ono, Elisabete Y. S. [3 ]
Bagatin, Artur K. [4 ]
Rigobello, Fabiana F. [1 ]
Kawamura, Osamu [4 ]
Hirooka, Elisa Y. [2 ]
Itano, Eiko N. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Estadual Londrina, Dept Pathol Sci, POB 10-011, BR-86057970 Londrina, Parana, Brazil
[2] Univ Estadual Londrina, Dept Food Sci & Technol, POB 10-011, BR-86057970 Londrina, Parana, Brazil
[3] Univ Estadual Londrina, Dept Biochem & Biotechnol, POB 10-011, BR-86057970 Londrina, Parana, Brazil
[4] Kagawa Univ, Food Hyg Lab, Fac Agr, Miki, Kagawa 7610795, Japan
来源
TOXINS | 2016年 / 8卷 / 09期
关键词
exposure; mycotoxin; milk; infant; safety; carry-over; SAO-PAULO; DIETARY EXPOSURE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; M1; OCHRATOXIN; MYCOTOXINS; FOOD; DETERMINANTS; EXCRETION; STATE;
D O I
10.3390/toxins8090246
中图分类号
TS2 [食品工业];
学科分类号
0832 ;
摘要
Aflatoxin M-1 (AFM(1)) is an important biomarker that can be used to evaluate aflatoxin exposure in both humans and animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure degree of infants to AFM(1) through consumption of breast milk and infant powdered milk in Brazil. For this purpose, the estimated daily intake (EDI) for infants was calculated based on the AFM(1) levels analyzed in 94 breast milk (BM) samples collected in Southern Brazil, and 16 infant powdered milk (IPM) samples commonly commercialized in Brazil. AFM(1) was detected in 5.3% (n = 5) and 43.8% (n = 7) of BM and IPM samples, with mean levels of 0.003 ng/g and 0.011 ng/g, respectively. All the IPM samples showed AFM(1) levels lower than those established by the Brazilian guidelines (5 ng/g), and in most of the samples (81.25%) levels were below the maximum limit tolerated by the European Commission (0.025 ng/g). The EDI of AFM(1) for infants aged zero to 12 months old showed values from 0.018 to 0.069 ng/kg body weight/day for BM, and 0.078 to 0.306 ng/kg body weight/day for IPM. Hazard index (HI) values for BM and IPM were less than one, except for IPM intended for infants up to one month. In conclusion, the exposure of infants to AFM(1) was low, but continuous monitoring of mycotoxin levels is essential to minimize infant health risk.
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页数:11
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