The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and related factors in patients with schizophrenia

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and related factors in patients with schizophrenia at an outpatient clinic. Method: All 108 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder that presented to the outpatient clinic between 12 May and 12 June 2006 were included in the study. Of the 108 patients, 100 whose biochemical analyses were completed were assessed. Results: The prevalence of MS was 21%, 34%, and 41% according to ATP III, ATP III-A, and IDF criteria, respectively. Increased waist circumference and low HDL level were frequent among the patients. The prevalence of MS increased with age. Mean age, duration of illness and duration of treatment were higher and family history of obesity was common in the patients with MS. Discussion: The prevalence of ATP Ill-defined MS in patients with schizophrenia was lower compared to that reported in other studies, however the prevalence of MS was high based on ATP III-A and IDF criteria. Patients with schizophrenia are at increased risk for MS or related metabolic problems. In particular when risk factors such as older age, female gender, long duration of illness and treatment, and family history of obesity exist, clinicians should examine the metabolic condition of the patient. Increased waist circumference and low HDL level are probably the best predictors of MS.