Life cycle assessment of cellulose nanowhiskers

被引:85
作者
Brito de Figueiredo, Maria Clea [1 ]
Rosa, Morsyleide de Freitas [1 ]
Lie Ugaya, Cassia Maria [2 ]
Moreira de Souza Filho, Men de Sa [1 ]
da Silva Braid, Ana Claudia Carneiro [3 ]
Luciano de Melo, Luiz Flavio [4 ]
机构
[1] Embrapa Agroind Trop, BR-60511110 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
[2] Univ Tecnol Fed Parana, BR-80230901 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
[3] Inst Fed Educ Ciencia & Tecnol Ceara, BR-60040531 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
[4] Univ Fed Ceara, BR-60020181 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
关键词
Unripe coconut fiber; Cotton fiber; Nanoparticles; Environmental performance; Environmental impact; NANOTECHNOLOGY; ENVIRONMENT; NANOFIBERS;
D O I
10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.05.033
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Cellulose nanowhiskers refer to elongated, single crystalline, rod-like particles that have at least 1 nm-size dimension. Vegetal fibers are an important source of cellulose for the extraction of nanowhiskers that can be used to reinforce the mechanical properties of different polymers. The present study contributes to the environmental performance of cellulose nanowhiskers production processes at their development stage. Thus, particular environmental aspects and related impacts of two cellulose nanowhiskers product systems are evaluated: nanowhiskers extracted from unripe coconut fibers (EUC system) and from white cotton fibers (EC system). The product systems encompassed fiber, electricity, and chemical production processes. All aspects were measured considering the production of 1 g of nanowhiskers. Life cycle inventory analysis was performed while considering the following environmental aspects: energy, water and emissions present in liquid effluents (chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen, nitrate, total phosphorus, phenols, furfural, and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)). Life cycle impact was also assessed for climate change, water depletion, eutrophication, and human toxicity impact categories. The comparison between the EUC and EC systems showed that nanowhiskers produced in the EC system required less energy and water, emitted less pollutants, and contributed less to climate change, human toxicity, and eutrophication than those produced in the EUC system. Further research to improve the environmental. performance of these systems - before scaling up the results from the laboratory to industry - shall focus on improving yield efficiency, reducing energy and water use during the extraction of nanowhiskers, and recovering substances from effluents possessing market value. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:130 / 139
页数:10
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