Frequency-based power management for photovoltaic/battery/fuel cell-electrolyser stand-alone microgrid

Since that setting frequency signal as an agent can provide the distributed generations (DGs) with the opportunities to adaptively maintain supply and demand balance, a new energy management strategy with modified droop control for islanded microgrid containing photovoltaic (PV)/battery/fuel cell (FC)-eletrolyser is proposed in this study. Without the communication line or central supervisor, the three power sources operate in the mode that the PV units track and offer the maximum power in order to make full use of energy, the battery units regulate charging or discharging power based on the state of charge (SOC) and loads to guarantee balanced SOC, and the FC-eletrolyser unit working as the system backup supplies the deficient system energy or absorbs the redundant system energy for safe and stable operation. This strategy does not only enable the plug and play capability for the DGs with voltage control mode, but also make it possible to maintain autonomous energy optimising operation. Simulation and experimental results are given to verify the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed strategy.