Subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid is essential for normal development of the cerebral cortex

被引:9
作者
Miyan, Jaleel [1 ]
Cains, Sarah [1 ]
Larcombe, Stephanie [1 ]
Naz, Naila [1 ]
Jimenez, Alicia Requena [1 ]
Bueno, David [2 ]
Gato, Angel [3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Manchester, Fac Biol Med & Hlth, Div Neurosci & Expt Psychol, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PT, Lancs, England
[2] Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Dept Genet Microbiol & Stat, Sect Biomed Evolutionary & Dev Genet, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
[3] Univ Valladolid, Fac Med, Dept Anat Humana, Avda Ramon & Cajal 7, Valladolid 47005, Spain
基金
英国医学研究理事会;
关键词
Cerebrospinal fluid; Subarachnoid space; Development; Cerebral cortex; PIAL BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; H-TX RAT; NORMAL-PRESSURE HYDROCEPHALUS; CAJAL-RETZIUS CELL; SUBCOMMISSURAL ORGAN; RADIAL GLIA; CONTACTING NEURONS; CONGENITAL HYDROCEPHALUS; EXTRACELLULAR-SPACE; GLYMPHATIC PATHWAY;
D O I
10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.11.011
中图分类号
Q2 [细胞生物学];
学科分类号
071009 ; 090102 ;
摘要
The central nervous system develops around a fluid filled space which persists in the adult within the ventricles, spinal canal and around the outside of the brain and spinal cord. Ventricular fluid is known to act as a growth medium and stimulator of proliferation and differentiation to neural stem cells but the role of CSF in the subarachnoid space has not been fully investigated except for its role in the recently described "glymphatic" system. Fundamental changes occur in the control and coordination of CNS development upon completion of brain stem and spinal cord development and initiation of cortical development. These include changes in gene expression, changes in fluid and fluid source from neural tube fluid to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), changes in fluid volume, composition and fluid flow pathway, with exit of high volume CSF into the subarachnoid space and the critical need for fluid drainage. We used a number of experimental approaches to test a predicted critical role for CSF in development of the cerebral cortex in rodents and humans. Data from fetuses affected by spina bifida and/or hydrocephalus are correlated with experimental evidence on proliferation and migration of cortical cells from the germinal epithelium in rodent neural tube defects, as well as embryonic brain slice experiments demonstrating a requirement for CSF to contact both ventricular and pial surfaces of the developing cortex for normal proliferation and migration. We discuss the possibility that complications with the fluid system are likely to underlie developmental disorders affecting the cerebral cortex as well as function and integrity of the cortex throughout life.
引用
收藏
页码:28 / 39
页数:12
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