Lithium iron borate (LiFeBO3)is a particularly desirable cathode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity (220 mA h g(-1)) and its favorable chemical constituents, which are abundant, inexpensive and non-toxic. However, its electrochemical performance appears to be severely hindered by the degradation that results from air or moisture exposure. The degradation of LiFeBO3 was studied through a wide array of ex situ and in situ techniques (X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, electron microscopy and spectroscopy) to better understand the possible degradation process and to develop methods for preventing degradation. It is demonstrated that degradation involves both Li loss from the framework of LiFeBO3 and partial oxidation of Fe(II), resulting in the creation of a stable lithium-deficient phase with a similar crystal structure to LiFeBO3. Considerable LiFeBO3 degradation occurs during electrode fabrication, which greatly reduces the accessible capacity of LiFeBO3 under all but the most stringently controlled conditions for electrode fabrication. Comparative studies on micron-sized LiFeBO3 and nanoscale LiFeBO3-carbon composite showed a very limited penetration depth (similar to 30 nm) of the degradation phase front into the LiFeBO3 core under near-ambient conditions. Two-phase reaction regions during delithiation and lithiation of LiFeBO3 were unambiguously identified through the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT), although it is still an open question as to whether the two-phase reaction persists across the whole range of possible Li contents. In addition to the main intercalation process with a thermodynamic potential of 2.8 V, there appears to be a second reversible electrochemical process with a potential of 1.8 V. The best electrochemical performance of LiFeBO3 was ultimately achieved by introducing carbon to minimize the crystallite size and strictly limiting air and moisture exposure to inhibit degradation.
机构:
SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USASUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
Cabana, Jordi
Shirakawa, Junichi
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SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USASUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
Shirakawa, Junichi
Chen, Guoying
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Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USASUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
Chen, Guoying
Richardson, Thomas J.
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Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USASUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
Richardson, Thomas J.
Grey, Clare P.
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SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USASUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
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S China Univ Technol, Sch Phys, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R ChinaS China Univ Technol, Sch Phys, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
Dong, Y. Z.
Zhao, Y. M.
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S China Univ Technol, Sch Phys, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R ChinaS China Univ Technol, Sch Phys, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
Zhao, Y. M.
Shi, Z. D.
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Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Neurosurg, Affiliated Hosp 3, Guangzhou 510630, Peoples R ChinaS China Univ Technol, Sch Phys, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
Shi, Z. D.
An, X. N.
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S China Univ Technol, Sch Chem, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R ChinaS China Univ Technol, Sch Phys, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
An, X. N.
Fu, P.
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S China Univ Technol, Sch Phys, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R ChinaS China Univ Technol, Sch Phys, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
Fu, P.
Chen, L.
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S China Univ Technol, Sch Phys, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R ChinaS China Univ Technol, Sch Phys, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
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Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea
Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Taejon 305701, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea
Seo, Dong-Hwa
Park, Young-Uk
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Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea
Park, Young-Uk
Kim, Sung-Wook
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Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea
Kim, Sung-Wook
Park, Inchul
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Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Grad Sch Energy Environm Water & Sustainabil, Taejon 305701, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea
Park, Inchul
Shakoor, R. A.
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Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Grad Sch Energy Environm Water & Sustainabil, Taejon 305701, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea
Shakoor, R. A.
Kang, Kisuk
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Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea
机构:
SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USASUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
Cabana, Jordi
Shirakawa, Junichi
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机构:
SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USASUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
Shirakawa, Junichi
Chen, Guoying
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机构:
Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USASUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
Chen, Guoying
Richardson, Thomas J.
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机构:
Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USASUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
Richardson, Thomas J.
Grey, Clare P.
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机构:
SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USASUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
机构:
S China Univ Technol, Sch Phys, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R ChinaS China Univ Technol, Sch Phys, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
Dong, Y. Z.
Zhao, Y. M.
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h-index: 0
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S China Univ Technol, Sch Phys, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R ChinaS China Univ Technol, Sch Phys, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
Zhao, Y. M.
Shi, Z. D.
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h-index: 0
机构:
Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Neurosurg, Affiliated Hosp 3, Guangzhou 510630, Peoples R ChinaS China Univ Technol, Sch Phys, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
Shi, Z. D.
An, X. N.
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h-index: 0
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S China Univ Technol, Sch Chem, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R ChinaS China Univ Technol, Sch Phys, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
An, X. N.
Fu, P.
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S China Univ Technol, Sch Phys, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R ChinaS China Univ Technol, Sch Phys, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
Fu, P.
Chen, L.
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S China Univ Technol, Sch Phys, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R ChinaS China Univ Technol, Sch Phys, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
机构:
Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea
Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Taejon 305701, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea
Seo, Dong-Hwa
Park, Young-Uk
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机构:
Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea
Park, Young-Uk
Kim, Sung-Wook
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机构:
Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea
Kim, Sung-Wook
Park, Inchul
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机构:
Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Grad Sch Energy Environm Water & Sustainabil, Taejon 305701, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea
Park, Inchul
Shakoor, R. A.
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机构:
Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Grad Sch Energy Environm Water & Sustainabil, Taejon 305701, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea
Shakoor, R. A.
Kang, Kisuk
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Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea