Immunochemical localization of platelet-derived growth factor in placenta and its possible role in pre-eclampsia

Background: Platelet-derived growth factor( PDGF) has an important role in cellular function, proliferation, and angiogenesis. It is also associated with tissue injury and repair, and its involvement in atherosclerosis has been studied extensively, Tissue injury is also found in pre-eclampsia (PRE), The morphological and physiological changes that are taking place in the PRE placenta may be associated with this growth factor. The objective of this study was to determine if PDGF-AA and its a receptor are present in the cells and vessels of normotensive (NORM) and PRE placentas at term. Methods: Placental tissue was obtained from 6 preeclamptic and 8 normotensive women. Gestational age ranged from 38-42 weeks. Deliveries were either vaginal (vag, n = 10) or c-section (c-sec, n = 4). Tissue samples were analyzed for PDGF-AA by immunocytochemistry, Results: PDGF-AA and the or receptor were present in both NORM and PRE placentas Immunoreactive staining revealed PDGF-AA and its receptor in the intimal/endothelial layer of fetal vessels and the trophoblastic layer. Staining intensity was greater in preeclamptic tissue when obliterative endarteritis was present. Conclusions: In pre-eclampsia, PDGF-AA may play a role in the restructuring of the fetoplacental vasculature, in particular when there is inflammation of the vascular intimal layer, as found in obliterative endarteritis. Increased staining in the trophoblast layer in patients with obliterative endarteritis also may be indicative of mure widespread damage throughout the placenta itself, and PDGF-AA may play a significant role in the repair of this damage.