The riskiness of credit allocation and financial stability1

Using firm-level data for 42 countries over 1991-2016, we show that the extent to which credit flows to relatively risker firms-which we label riskiness of credit allocation-is a distinct dimension of the credit cycle that helps predict downside risks to GDP growth and financial stress episodes, one to three years ahead, even after controlling for the magnitude of credit expansions and for financial conditions. The riskiness of credit allocation is both a measure of corporate vulnerability and of investor sentiment, but its predictive power does not simply come from its relation to these correlates of future financial stress.