A visualization method for a wide range of rising temperature induced by high-intensity focused ultrasound using a tissue-mimicking phantom

Purpose High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment requires prior evaluation of the HIFU transducer output. A method using micro-capsulated thermochromic liquid crystal (MTLC) to evaluate the temperature distribution in the media during HIFU exposure has been previously developed. However, the color-coded temperature range of commercial MTLC is approximately 10 degrees C, which is insufficient for temperature measurement for HIFU exposure. We created two layers of tissue-mimicking phantoms with different color-coded temperature ranges, and a new visualization method was developed by utilizing the axisymmetric pressure distribution of a HIFU focus. Methods A two-layer phantom with two sensitivity ranges was created. The HIFU transducer was set to align the focal point to the boundary between the two layers. Images of the upper and lower layers were flipped along the boundary between the two layers such that they overlapped with each other, assuming the pressure distribution of HIFU to be axisymmetric. Results The experimental and simulation results were compared to evaluate the accuracy of the phantom temperature measurement. The experimental time profile of the temperature and spatial distribution around the HIFU focus matched well with that of the simulation. However, there is room for improvement in the accuracy in the axial direction of HIFU focus. Conclusion Users can apply our proposed method in clinical practice to promptly assess the output of the HIFU transducer before treatment.