Potential Benefits of Pila ampullacea, Tempeh, Moringa oleifera Leaves as Nutritional Support for Hemodialysis

Background: Hemodialysis patients can experience problems, including protein-energy malnutrition, infection, disorders of the immune system, and inflammation. One etiology of malnutrition in hemodialysis is inadequate energy and protein intake, making patients need nutritional support, which can be fulfilled by local Indonesian foodstuffs. Objective: This paper aimed to review the potential health benefits of snails (Pila ampullacea), tempeh, and Moringa oleifera leaves as nutritional support for hemodialysis patients. Methods: In this review, the methodology used was based on comprehensive data searched from PubMed for literature review and technology benchmarking in making nutritional support for hemodialysis patients. An in-depth discussion, including the advantages and drawbacks of each foodstuff, is presented and outlined. Furthermore, key solutions are proposed and presented to overcome hemodialysis issues. Results: The mixture of snail, tempeh, and moringa leaves as nutritional support for hemodialysis patients shows a good combination of natural ingredients from animals and plants. The nutritional content of the three mixed ingredients is found to meet the dietary requirements of hemodialysis, which are high protein, calcium and antioxidants, low phosphorus, and a phosphorus-to-protein ratio of <16. Conclusion: The combination of snails, tempeh, and moringa leaves provides several potential health benefits in overcoming nutritional problems, decreased immune status, and inflammation of hemodialysis patients.