Evaluation of high pressure processing (HPP) inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica, and Listeria monocytogenes in acid and acidified juices and beverages

Increasing consumer demand for high-quality foods has driven adoption by the food industry of non-thermal technologies such as high pressure processing (HPP). The technology is employed as a post-packaging treatment step for inactivation of vegetative microorganisms. In order to evaluate HPP inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica, and Listeria monocytogenes in acid and acidified juices and beverages, pressure tolerance parameters were determined using log-linear and Weibull models in pH-adjusted apple juice (pH 4.5) at 5 degrees C. A commercial processing HPP unit was used. The Weibull model better described the inactivation kinetics of the three tested pathogens. According to estimates from the Weibull model, 1.5, 0.9, and 1.5 min are required at 600 MPa to produce 5-log reductions of E. coli, Salmonella, and L. monocytogenes, respectively, whereas according to the log-linear model, 3.2, 1.8, and 2.1 min are required. The effects of process conditions were verified using commercial products (pH between 3.02 and 4.21). In all tested commercial juices or beverages, greater than 5-log reductions were achieved for all tested pathogens using HPP process conditions of 550 MPa for 1 min. These findings demonstrate that the HPP conditions of 600 MPa for 3 min, typically used by the food industry provide an adequate safety margin for control of relevant vegetative pathogens in acid and acidified juices and beverages (pH < 4.5). Results from this study can be used by food processors to support validation studies and may be useful for the future establishment of safe harbors for the HPP industry.