Hair Cell Transduction, Tuning, and Synaptic Transmission in the Mammalian Cochlea

被引:242
作者
Fettiplace, Robert [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Neurosci, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Madison, WI 53706 USA
关键词
AUDITORY-NERVE FIBERS; GUINEA-PIG COCHLEA; CHANNEL-LIKE PROTEINS; INDUCED HEARING-LOSS; VESICULAR GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTER-3; TECTORIAL MEMBRANE STIFFNESS; ACTIVATED POTASSIUM CHANNEL; PLACE-FREQUENCY MAP; INNER-EAR; BASILAR-MEMBRANE;
D O I
10.1002/cphy.c160049
中图分类号
Q4 [生理学];
学科分类号
071003 ;
摘要
Sound pressure fluctuations striking the ear are conveyed to the cochlea, where they vibrate the basilar membrane on which sit hair cells, the mechanoreceptors of the inner ear. Recordings of hair cell electrical responses have shown that they transduce sound via submicrometer deflections of their hair bundles, which are arrays of interconnected stereocilia containing the mechanoelectrical transducer (MET) channels. MET channels are activated by tension in extracellular tip links bridging adjacent stereocilia, and they can respond within microseconds to nanometer displacements of the bundle, facilitated by multiple processes of Ca2+-dependent adaptation. Studies of mouse mutants have produced much detail about the molecular organization of the stereocilia, the tip links and their attachment sites, and the MET channels localized to the lower end of each tip link. The mammalian cochlea contains two categories of hair cells. Inner hair cells relay acoustic information via multiple ribbon synapses that transmit rapidly without rundown. Outer hair cells are important for amplifying sound-evoked vibrations. The amplification mechanism primarily involves contractions of the outer hair cells, which are driven by changes in membrane potential and mediated by prestin, a motor protein in the outer hair cell lateral membrane. Different sound frequencies are separated along the cochlea, with each hair cell being tuned to a narrow frequency range; amplification sharpens the frequency resolution and augments sensitivity 100-fold around the cell's characteristic frequency. Genetic mutations and environmental factors such as acoustic overstimulation cause hearing loss through irreversible damage to the hair cells or degeneration of inner hair cell synapses. (C) 2017 American Physiological Society.
引用
收藏
页码:1197 / 1227
页数:31
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