A Systematic Literature Review on Latest Keystroke Dynamics Based Models

The purpose of this study is to conduct a comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the most recent studies on the implications of keystroke dynamics (KD) patterns in user authentication, identification, and the determination of useful information. Another aim is to provide an extensive and up-to-date survey of the recent literature and potential research directions to understand the present state-of-the-art methodologies in this particular domain that are expected to be beneficial for the KD research community. From January 1st, 2017 to March 13th, 2022, the popular six electronic databases have been searched using a search criterion ("keystroke dynamics" OR "typing pattern") AND ("authentication" OR "verification" OR "identification"). With this criterion, a total of nine thousand three hundred forty-eight results, including duplicates, were produced. However, one thousand five hundred forty-seven articles have been chosen after removing duplicates and preliminary screening. Due to insufficient information, only one hundred twenty-seven high-quality quantitative research articles have been included in the article selection process. We compared and summarised several factors with multiple tables to comprehend the various methodologies, experimental settings, and findings. In this study, we have identified six unique KD-based designs and presented the status of findings toward an effective solution in authentication, identification, and prediction. We have also discovered considerable heterogeneity across studies in each KD-based design for desktops and smartphones separately. Finally, this paper found a few open research challenges and provided some indications for a deeper understanding of the issues and further study.