Evaluation of oxidative stress and inflammation in obese adults with metabolic syndrome

Background: Obesity and metabolic syndrome increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress seems to be involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes and cardiovascular complications of metabolic syndrome. The aim of our study was to evaluate the level of oxidative stress and inflammation in obese adults with and without metabolic syndrome. Methods: Oxidative stress and inflammation markers (total amount of free radicals, malondialdehyde, allantoin, alpha(1)-antiproteinase, oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, fibrinogen), total antioxidant capacity and lipid standardized a-tocopherol were determined in obese subjects fulfilling at least three criteria of metabolic syndrome according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines (n=20 patients), in obese subjects without metabolic syndrome (n=20 patients) and in 48 healthy controls. Results: Oxidative stress and inflammation markers were significantly elevated in the obese subjects, especially in those exhibiting metabolic syndrome. According to multidimensional statistical analysis, oxidative stress was independently related to triacylglyceride concentration, abdominal fat, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low lipid standardized alpha-tocopherol in the patients with metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: High levels of free radicals together with low antioxidant capacity detected in obese adults indicate elevated oxidative stress, which is - together with systemic inflammation - further potentiated in the case of obese patients with metabolic syndrome. This imbalance in oxidative/antioxidative status and subclinical inflammatory state leads to higher risk of atherosclerotic and diabetic complications.