Fabrication of the C-N co-doped rod-like TiO2 photocatalyst with visible-light responsive photocatalytic activity

The C-N co-doped TiO2 nanorods were synthesized by the vapor transport method of water molecules, and urea was used as the carbon and nitrogen source. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The scanning electron microscope images showed that as-prepared TiO2 powders were nanorods, which were formed by the stacking of nanoparticles with a uniform size around 40 nm. The degradation of methylene blue with the prepared nanorods demonstrated the photocatalytic activities of TiO2 under visible light are improved by doping with C and N elements. The main reasons were discussed: doping with C and N elements could enhance the corresponding visible-light absorption of TiO2. On the other hand, doping C and N could create more oxygen vacancies in the TiO2 crystals, which could capture the photogenerated electrons more effectively. Thus, more photogenerated holes could be left to improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.