Generalized Fully Adjustable Structure for Emulating Fractional-Order Capacitors and Inductors of Orders less than Two

A novel scheme suitable for the emulation of fractional-order capacitors and inductors of any order less than 2 is presented in this work. Classically, fractional-order impedances are characterized in the frequency domain by a fractional-order Laplacian of the form s +/-alpha with an order 0<alpha<1$$0. The ideal inductor and capacitor correspond, respectively, to setting alpha=+/- 1In the range 1<alpha<2$1, fractional-order impedances can still be obtained before turning into a Frequency- Dependent Negative Resistor (FDNR) at alpha=+/- 2 Here, we propose an electronically tunable fractional-order impedance emulator with adjustable order in the full range 0<alpha<2$$0. The values of the emulated capacitance/inductance, as well as the bandwidth of operation, are also electronically adjustable. The post- layout simulation results confirm the correct operation of the proposed circuits.