Comparison of Curing Agents for Epoxidized Vegetable Oils Applied to Composites

Interest in polymers from renewable sources, as alternatives to petroleum-based polymers, remains strong; however, their performance must be acceptable. To improve performance of epoxidized vegetable oils (EVO) in composite matrix applications, five amine curing agents were evaluated and compared with an anhydride agent used previously. Curing agents were tested in matrices for composites containing a petroleum-based epoxy resin plus 0% or 30% epoxidized oil from canola (ECO) and soybean (ESO). The two amines with the highest glass transition temperature, determined by differential scanning calorimetry, were selected for characterization by dynamic mechanical analysis; bis (p-aminocyclohexyl) methane (PACM) showed the highest performance. Amine: epoxy ratios 0.6 to 1.6 were then evaluated; ratios of 0.8 and 1.0 showed superior performance. E-glass fiber reinforced composites with PACM/EVO showed thermal and mechanical performance slightly lower than the composites with 0% EVO and comparable with those of the anhydride curing agent. Therefore, ECO or ESO blended with petroleum-based epoxy resins cured with PACM are recommended for its application in E-glass reinforced composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 32:1806-1816, 2011. (C) 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers