[1] Univ Hlth Network, Peter Munk Cardiac Ctr, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Toronto, ON, Canada
[2] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
[3] Fac Kinesiol & Phys Educ, Toronto, ON, Canada
[4] Univ British Columbia, Dept Cardiol, Vancouver, BC, Canada
[5] McMaster Univ, Div Cardiol, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada
[6] Populat Hlth Res Inst, Hamilton, ON, Canada
[7] McMaster Univ, Div Crit Care, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada
[8] Cleveland Clin, Anesthesia Inst, Dept Cardiothorac Anesthesiol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
[9] Univ Alberta, Div Cardiol, Dept Med, Walter C MacKenzie Hlth Sci Ctr, Edmonton, AB, Canada