Magnoflorine inhibits human gastric cancer progression by inducing autophagy, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by JNK activation regulated by ROS

The antitumor effect of magnoflorine (Mag), an alkaloid isolated from Coptidis Rhizoma, in gastric cancer (GC) cells has not been reported. In the study, Mag suppressed the proliferation of GC cells, but showed no influence on normal gastric cells. Mechanistically, Mag induced autophagy in GC cells, as evidenced by the up-regulated expression of LC3B-II and increased autophagosome formation. Furthermore, we found that Mag-triggered autophagic cell death was regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced suppression of serine/threonineprotein kinases (AKT) signaling. What's more, Mag treatment led to apoptosis in GC cells through enhancing cleaved Caspase-3 and PARP expressions. In addition, up-regulated expression of p27 and p21, as well as down-regulated expression of Cyclin-A and Cyclin-B1 was detected in Mag-treated GC cells, contributing to the S/G2 cell cycle arrest. Importantly, Mag incubation resulted in a significant increase in jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation but not p38 and ERK1/2, which was involved in the modulation of apoptosis and S/G2 phase arrest. Moreover, ROS production was highly induced by Mag treatment, and Mag-exhibited these functions was largely dependent on the generation of ROS in GC cells. Consistently, the GC cell xenograft mouse model confirmed the anti-tumor role of Mag in vivo. Collectively, these results indicated that Mag showed anti-GC effects, which could be a potential therapeutic target for GC treatment.