Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of atypical antipsychotics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for behavioural problems associated with pervasive developmental disorders

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of the use of atypical antipsychotics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of behavioural problems associated with pervasive developmental disorders is reported. A search through both published and unpublished literature, including contacting drug companies and known experts in the field was undertaken. Six trials met the criteria for inclusion in the review. They largely suffer from methodological weaknesses; only two trials had satisfactory methodological quality. The heterogeneity in outcome measurements prevented from conducting a meta-analysis. There is yet no coherent body of data concerning the effects of these medications across all sub-classifications of pervasive developmental disorders, across all age categories, and concerning their medium- and long-term effects, and their effects on quality of life. Atypical antipsychotics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may be of benefit for behavioural problems associated with pervasive developmental disorders. Risperidone has been the best studied among these medications. Atypical antipsychotics appear to have a low risk of extrapyramidal symptoms during short-term treatment. The reviewed trials cannot provide data on the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of children with pervasive developmental disorders. No firm conclusions for clinical practice can be drawn. Larger, well-conducted randomized controlled trials with tong-term follow-up are needed.