Specific targeting, biodistribution, and lack of immunogenicity of chimeric anti-GD3 monoclonal antibody KM871 in patients with metastatic melanoma: Results of a phase I trial

Purpose: KM871 is a chimeric monoclonal antibody against the ganglioside antigen GD3, which is highly expressed on melanoma cells. We conducted an open-label, dose escalation phase I trial of KM871 in patients with metastatic melanoma. Patients and Methods: Seventeen patients were entered onto one of five dose levels (1, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/m(2)). Patients received three infusions of KM871 at 2-week intervals, with the first infusion of KM871 trace-labeled with indium-111 (In-111) to enable assessment of biodistribution in vivo. Biopsies of metastatic melanoma sites were performed on days 7 to 10. Results: Fifteen of 17 patients completed a cycle of three infusions of KM871. No dose-limiting toxicity was observed during the trial; the maximum-tolerated dose was therefore not reached. Three patients (at the 1-, 5-, and 40-mg/m(2) dose levels) developed pain and/or erythema at tumor sites consistent with an inflammatory response. No normal tissue uptake of In-111-KM871 was observed, and tumor uptake of In-111-KM871 was observed in all lesions greater than 1.5 cm (tumor biopsy (111)KM871 uptake results: range, 0.001% to 0.026% injected dose/g). The ratio of maximum tumor to normal tissue was 15:1. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a In-111-KM871 terminal half-life of 7.68 +/- 2.94 days. One patient had a clinical partial response that lasted 11 months. There was no serologic evidence of human antichimeric antibody in any patient, including one patient who received 16 infusions over a 12-month period. Conclusion: This study is the first to demonstrate the biodistribution and specific targeting of an anti-GD3 antibody to metastatic melanoma in patients. The long half-life and lack of immunogenicity of KM871 makes this antibody an attractive potential therapy for patients with metastatic melanoma. (C) 2001 by American Society of Clinical Oncology.