Investigating the Nature of Method Factors Through Multiple Informants: Evidence for a Specific Factor?

When a self-report instrument includes a balanced number of positively and negatively worded items, factor analysts often use method factors to aid model fitting. The nature of these factors, often referred to as acquiescence, is still debated. Relying upon previous results (Alessandri et al., 2010; DiStefano & Motl, 2006, 2008; Rauch, Schweizer, & Moosbrugger, 2007), we submit that the so-called method factors, instead, represent substantive specific factors. This study investigates the convergence of method effects across different observers. The revised Life Orientation Test (Scheier, Carver, & Bridges, 1994) was administered to a sample of 372 adults (57% females), with 372 acquaintances serving as informants. Results showed that a specific factor was detectable both with self- and other-ratings. A significant correlation across informants provided evidence for the convergence of this specific factor. Construct validity was examined by locating this specific factor within a nomological net of personality variables. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed