Treatment of Traumatic Internal Carotid Artery Pseudoaneurysms With the Willis Covered Stent: A Prospective Study

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of the Willis covered stent in the treatment of traumatic pseudoaneurysms of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Materials: Thirty-eight patients with traumatic head and neck injury underwent angiography. We evaluated 14 delayed pseudoaneurysms in 13 patients who underwent angiography after treatment with the Willis covered stent. Prospective data on the technical success, initial and final angiographic results, mortality, morbidity, and final clinical outcome were analyzed immediately after the procedure, at the time of discharge from the hospital, at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after the procedures, and yearly thereafter. Results: The Willis covered stent placement was successful in all 14 pseudoaneurysms. The initial angiographic results showed complete exclusion in 9 patients with 10 aneurysms (71.4% [95% confidence interval {CI}: 44-98%]) and incomplete exclusion in 4 patients. The angiographic follow-up (mean, 15 months [95% CI: 9-20 months]; range, 3-36 months) findings exhibited a complete exclusion in 12 patients with 13 aneurysms (92.9% [95% CI: 77-108%]) and an incomplete exclusion in 1 patient and maintained patency of the ICA in all patients. The clinical follow-up (mean, 20 months [95% CI: 14-27 months]) findings demonstrated full recovery (11 patients), symptom improvement (1 patient), or no change in the symptoms (1 patient). No procedure-related complications or deaths occurred during follow-up. Conclusion: Treatment with the Willis covered stent provides a viable approach for patients with traumatic pseudoaneurysms of the ICA, maintaining patency of the ICA and thus leading to excellent clinical results. An expanded clinical experiences and a larger sample are needed.