Advances in Digital Pathology: From Artificial Intelligence to Label-Free Imaging

Background: Digital pathology, in its primary meaning, describes the utilization of computer screens to view scanned histology slides. Digitized tissue sections can be easily shared for a second opinion. In addition, it allows tissue image analysis using specialized software to identify and measure events previously observed by a human observer. These tissue-based readouts were highly reproducible and precise. Digital pathology has developed over the years through new technologies. Currently, the most discussed development is the application of artificial intelligence to automatically analyze tissue images. However, even new label-free imaging technologies are being developed to allow imaging of tissues by means of their molecular composition. Summary: This review provides a summary of the current state-of-the-art and future digital pathologies. Developments in the last few years have been presented and discussed. In particular, the review provides an outlook on interesting new technologies (e.g., infrared imaging), which would allow for deeper understanding and analysis of tissue thin sections beyond conventional histopathology. Key Messages: In digital pathology, mathematical methods are used to analyze images and draw conclusions about diseases and their progression. New innovative methods and techniques (e.g., label-free infrared imaging) will bring significant changes in the field in the coming years.