The effect of health care provider consultation on acute coronary syndrome care-seeking delay

Problem: The time required for health care provider (HCP) consultation during acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has not been systematically studied. This study seeks to understand who calls an HCP and the duration of HCP evaluation during ACS. Methods: Interviews were conducted with 1102 hospitalized patients with ACS in Columbus, Ohio. At discharge, diagnoses were acute myocardial infarction (560), unstable angina (214), cardiac disease (122), and noncardiac emergencies (206). Results: Among the 1102 patients studied, 40.9% (451) contacted an HCP. Situational factors were more important than demographic factors in accounting for medical evaluation phase incidence and duration. Advice from HCPs to call the emergency medical services or travel to the emergency department reduced medical evaluation phase duration. The median total time duration was 6 hours for HCP consulters and 1 hour 30 minutes for nonconsulters (P < .001). Patients foregoing HCP consultation experienced significantly greater hemodynamic instability than patients contacting an HCP. Calling an HCP significantly (P < .001) reduced emergency medical services use. Conclusions: Consulting an HCP during ACS extended total time duration from symptom onset to emergency department arrival. In,general, patients calling an HCP experienced a less severe ACS event than patients not contacting an HCP. There is a need for an epidemiologic study of calls to HCPs to develop a protocol for ACS call management.