Reaction of tributyl phosphate with oxidized iron: surface chemistry and tribological significance

The chemistry of tributyl phosphate on Fe3O4 was studied in ultrahigh vacuum using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and Auger spectroscopy. A portion of the tributyl phosphate desorbs intact with an activation energy of similar to 120 kJ/mol. The remainder decomposes either by P-O bond scission to deposit surface butoxy species or appears to dehydrogenate desorbing C-2 or C-3 compounds and depositing hydrogen and carbon on the surface. The resulting hydrogen reacts either with the oxide to desorb water or with butoxy species yielding 1-butanol. The remaining butoxy species are stable up to similar to 600 K where they decompose to desorb butanal via hydride elimination where again the hydrogen reacts with butoxy species to form 1-butanol or with the oxide to form water. The carbon deposited onto the surface further reduces the oxide to desorb as CO above similar to 750 K, although a small amount of carbon is detected on the surface using Auger spectroscopy. Substantially larger amounts of carbon are deposited onto the surface when Fe3O4 is exposed to tributyl phosphate at 300 K, where an Auger depth profile reveals that the carbon is located at the surface while the POx species formed by tributyl phosphate decomposition diffuse rapidly into the oxide layer, leading to a film structure in which graphitic carbon is deposited onto a phosphorus-containing oxide layer.