International Co-operation on Competition Law Enforcement: A Breakthrough?

Section F of the UN Set of Multilaterally Agreed Equitable Principles and Rules for the Control of Restrictive Business Practices ('UN Set') deals with international measures, including consultations and co-operation among competition authorities for enforcement against anti-competitive practices, particularly for developing countries' benefit. The 2020 Eighth Review Conference on the UN Set adopted Guiding Policies and Procedures under section F ('GPP'). While it contains few norms, this non-binding instrument provides principles and a pedagogical guide for enforcement co-operation, encourages positive responses to co-operation requests, and strengthens the consultations mechanism and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) secretariat's supporting role. The GPP's siting within the UNCTAD and UN Set contexts provides legitimacy, inclusivity, mandates, resources, a secretariat - and thus the best available multilateral framework for developing and transition countries to mobilize publicity, dialogue, and persuasion to strengthen enforcement co-operation in this area for their benefit. The GPP therefore constitutes a breakthrough, while how far or when its potential will be fulfilled will depend upon the building-up of shared perceptions of common interest, mutual trust and mutual benefit among competition authorities-something which UNCTAD could promote through action at the national and international levels. Initial signs provide hope that good progress can be achieved.