Transposable Elements: An Abundant and Natural Source of Regulatory Sequences for Host Genes

被引:395
作者
Rebollo, Rita [1 ,2 ]
Romanish, Mark T. [1 ,2 ]
Mager, Dixie L. [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] British Columbia Canc Agcy, Terry Fox Lab, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
[2] Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
来源
ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENETICS, VOL 46 | 2012年 / 46卷
基金
加拿大健康研究院;
关键词
gene expression; exaptation; transcription factors; regulatory networks; retrotransposons; endogenous retroviruses; LONG TERMINAL REPEATS; UNIFIED CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM; RNA-POLYMERASE-II; ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUSES; GERM-LINE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; EPIGENETIC REGULATION; TISSUE-SPECIFICITY; RESPONSE ELEMENTS; DNA METHYLATION;
D O I
10.1146/annurev-genet-110711-155621
中图分类号
Q3 [遗传学];
学科分类号
071007 ; 090102 ;
摘要
The fact that transposable elements (TEs) can influence host gene expression was first recognized more than 50 years ago. However, since that time, TEs have been widely regarded as harmful genetic parasites-selfish elements that are rarely co-opted by the genome to serve a beneficial role. Here, we survey recent findings that relate to TE impact on host genes and remind the reader that TEs, in contrast to other noncoding parts of the genome, are uniquely suited to gene regulatory functions. We review recent studies that demonstrate the role of TEs in establishing and rewiring gene regulatory networks and discuss the overall ubiquity of exaptation. We suggest that although individuals within a population can be harmed by the deleterious effects of new TE insertions, the presence of TE sequences in a genome is of overall benefit to the population.
引用
收藏
页码:21 / 42
页数:22
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