Reflections on the Unique Response of Brazil to the Financial Crisis and its Urban Impact

被引:9
作者
Fernandes, Ana Cristina [1 ]
Novy, Andreas [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Geog, BR-50740520 Recife, PE, Brazil
[2] Vienna Univ Econ & Business, Dept Urban & Reg Studies, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
关键词
developmental state; countercyclical policies; global financial crisis; Brazil;
D O I
10.1111/j.1468-2427.2010.01029.x
中图分类号
P9 [自然地理学]; K9 [地理];
学科分类号
0705 ; 070501 ;
摘要
This essay explores the reasons for the reduced negative effects of the 2008 global financial crisis on Brazil and its cities by applying an analysis that connects these urban effects with the national dynamics. Despite substantial variation within the country, reduced impact can be credited to the response to the crisis by the current Lula administration and to features of the country's urbanization process. First, universal redistributive social programmes, together with an enlarged domestic market, better insertion in the global economy, prudential regulation and a stable fiscal situation, have put the country in a comfortable position to react to the crisis by adopting countercyclical policies. Second, given the advanced urbanization in Brazil, social and active macroeconomic policies have produced decisive and specific effects on the urban fabric. Recent processes of inland urbanization have created new areas of regional and urban dynamics, thus the impact of the crisis on cities has not only been mild, affecting the most industrialized and internationally oriented metropolises hardest, but has also become an opportunity for strengthening urban areas through active macroeconomic and social policies and helping foster a more decentralized national urban network, thereby leading to stronger links between social inclusion and territorial cohesion. Resume Les effets negatifs de la crise financiere mondiale de 2008 ont ete moins forts au Bresil et dans ses villes. Pour en etablir les raisons, une analyse associe ces repercussions sur le plan urbain et les dynamiques nationales. Malgre une variation considerable au niveau national, l'impact reduit peut etre attribue a la reaction du gouvernement Lula face a la crise et aux caracteristiques du processus d'urbanisation bresilien. D'abord, ses programmes sociaux universels de redistribution, ainsi que son marche interieur en expansion, sa meilleure insertion dans l'economie mondiale, sa reglementation prudentielle et sa situation fiscale stable, ont donne au pays une position confortable pour reagir a la crise en adoptant des politiques anticycliques. Ensuite, du fait de l'urbanisation avancee du Bresil, les politiques sociales et macro-economiques actives ont eu des effets decisifs et specifiques sur le tissu urbain. Des projets d'urbanisation recents dans les provinces interieures ont cree des tremplins regionaux et urbains. Ainsi, la crise n'a pas seulement eu un impact modere sur les villes, en frappant surtout les metropoles les plus industrialisees et orientees a l'international, elle s'est aussi transformee en une occasion de renforcer les zones urbaines grace a des politiques sociales et macro-economiques dynamiques et de contribuer a un reseau urbain national plus decentralise, debouchant sur des rapports plus solides entre inclusion sociale et cohesion territoriale.
引用
收藏
页码:952 / 966
页数:15
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