Effect of Transglutaminase Pre-Crosslinking Treatment Incorporated with Glucono-δ-lactone on the Physicochemical and Digestive Properties of Tofu

This study evaluated the effect of transglutaminase (TGase) pre-crosslinking treatment on the physicochemical and digestive characteristics of tofu coagulated by glucono-delta-lactone (GDL). Results showed that certain TGase pre-crosslinking times (0.5, 1, 2 and 3 h) could promote the colloidal stability of soymilk with increased particle average sizes and absolute values of zeta potential. Particularly, the water holding capacity and gel strength of tofu pre-crosslinked by TGase for 2 h were 6.8% and 47.7% enhancement, respectively, compared to the control, and exhibited the highest score of overall acceptability. However, extensive pre-crosslinking by TGase for 3 h had an adverse impact on the sensory of tofu with poor firmness, rough structure and whey separation. Hence, the tofu gel pre-crosslinked by TGase for 2 h and then coagulated by GDL was recommended which showed a "slow release" mode of soluble proteins during the in vitro digestion phase, and had more chances to release bioactive peptides than soymilk.