Accessing the purity of a single photon by the width of the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference

We demonstrate a method for determining the spectral purity of single photons. The technique is based on the Hong-Ou-Mandel ( HOM) interference between a single-photon state and a suitably prepared coherent field. We show that the temporal width of the HOM dip is related not only to the reciprocal of the spectral width but also to the underlying quantum coherence. Therefore, by measuring the width of both the HOM dip and the spectrum, one can directly quantify the degree of spectral purity. The distinct advantage of our proposal is that it obviates the need for perfect mode matching, since it does not rely on the visibility of the interference. Our method is particularly useful for characterizing the purity of heralded single-photon states.