Design of rear glass-integrated antennas with vertical line optimization for FM radio reception

We propose an glass-integrated antenna with vertical lines for FM radio reception in a commercial sedan. The proposed antenna consists of vertical lines and multiple horizontal lines that are also used as defroster lines. The proposed antenna structure is optimized with the genetic algorithm (GA) in conjunction with the FEKO EM simulator. The optimized antenna was built and installed on an Azera test vehicle (Korean model: TG Grandure 270) from Hyundai-Kia Motors and antenna performances such as reflection coefficients, and bore-sight gain are measured in an anechoic chamber. The optimized antenna shows a half power matching bandwidth of 26 % at the center frequency of the FM radio band and an average boresight gain of about -10.37 dBi. Then, we performed a field test to measure actual received power of FM radio signals. The field test result shows that the proposed antenna is capable of maintaining higher received power levels compared to the conventional antenna for both the strong and weak signals in the real urban situation.