MicroRNAs and their neuroimmunoregulator mechanisms in multiple sclerosis. Development of biomarkers for diagnosis

Introduction. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are molecules that in the last decade have gained increased attention a key mediator of the process of gene silencing in mammals. Deregulation of miRNAs is linked to illnesses such as cancer, and autoimmunity. Different reports claim for these molecules pivotal roles in both neuronal and immune processes, as well as in prediction of diseases affecting both systems. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an example of an illness affecting myelin of axons, caused by autoimmune deregulation. Aim. To show the close relationship of the functions of miRNAs and their deregulation processes related to the immune and brain mechanisms in MS. In addition, we illustrate the use of miRNAs a potential noninvasive diagnostics for the assessment of the health status of a patient with MS. Development. In the scientific literature, there has been a widely identified role of miRNAs as modulators. However, little is known about the role that these molecules perform together with glial cells in neuronal plasticity and de/re-myelination processes. In spite of the acknowledged role played by miRNAs in all function, little has been investigated on their potential. An overview is presented here in the research, development and implementation o diagnostic techniques relating miRNA and MS. Conclusions. There is strong evidence of the role of miRNA and homeostatic processes of brain's white matter in MS. In a field study to exploit and can aid in early diagnosis and also in the development of therapies based on the use of miRNAs.