A panchromatic view of infrared quasars: excess star formation and radio emission in the most heavily obscured systems

被引:21
作者
Andonie, Carolina [1 ]
Alexander, David M. [1 ]
Rosario, David [1 ,2 ]
Laloux, Brivael [1 ,3 ]
Georgakakis, Antonis [3 ]
Morabito, Leah K. [1 ,4 ]
Villforth, Carolin [5 ]
Avirett-Mackenzie, Mathilda [5 ]
Rivera, Gabriela Calistro [6 ]
Del Moro, Agnese [7 ]
Fotopoulou, Sotiria [8 ]
Harrison, Chris [2 ]
Lapi, Andrea [9 ]
Petley, James [1 ]
Petter, Grayson [10 ]
Shankar, Francesco [11 ]
机构
[1] Univ Durham, Ctr Extragalact Astron, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England
[2] Newcastle Univ, Sch Math Stat & Phys, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England
[3] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Athens 11532, Greece
[4] Univ Durham, Inst Computat Cosmol, Dept Phys, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England
[5] Univ Bath, Dept Phys, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England
[6] European Southern Observ ESO, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
[7] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Space Operat & Astronaut Training, D-82234 Wessling, Germany
[8] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England
[9] SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
[10] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 6127 Wilder Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
[11] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England
关键词
galaxies: active; quasars: general; infrared: galaxies; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; DEBLENDED DUST EMISSION; GHZ LARGE PROJECT; FORMING GALAXIES; XMM-NEWTON; COSMIC EVOLUTION; SPACE-TELESCOPE; STELLAR OBJECTS; FAR-IR;
D O I
10.1093/mnras/stac2800
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
To understand the active galactic nuclei (AGNs) phenomenon and their impact on the evolution of galaxies, a complete AGN census is required; however, finding heavily obscured AGNs is observationally challenging. Here we use the deep and extensive multiwavelength data in the COSMOS field to select a complete sample of 578 infrared (IR) quasars (L-AGN,L-IR > 10(45) erg s(-1)) at z < 3, with minimal obscuration bias, using detailed UV-to-far-IR spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting. We complement our SED constraints with X-ray and radio observations to further investigate the properties of the sample. Overall, 322 of the IR quasars are detected by Chandra and have individual X-ray spectral constraints. From a combination of X-ray stacking and L2-10 kev - L-6 mu m analyses, we show that the majority of the X-ray faint and undetected quasars are heavily obscured (many are likely Compton thick), highlighting the effectiveness of the mid-IR band to find obscured AGNs. We find that 355 (approximate to 61 percent) IR quasars are obscured (N-H > 10(22) cm(-2)) and identify differences in the average properties between the obscured and unobscured quasars: (1) obscured quasars have star formation rates approximate to 3 times higher than unobscured systems for no significant difference in stellar mass and (2) obscured quasars have stronger radio emission than unobscured systems, with a radio-loudness parameter approximate to 0.2 dex higher. These results are inconsistent with a simple orientation model but in general agreement with either extreme host-galaxy obscuration towards the obscured quasars or a scenario where obscured quasars are an early phase in the evolution of quasars.
引用
收藏
页码:2577 / 2598
页数:22
相关论文
共 128 条
[41]   Fundamental differences in the properties of red and blue quasars: measuring the reddening and accretion properties with X-shooter [J].
Fawcett, V. A. ;
Alexander, D. M. ;
Rosario, D. J. ;
Klindt, L. ;
Lusso, E. ;
Morabito, L. K. ;
Rivera, G. Calistro .
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2022, 513 (01) :1254-1274
[42]   Fundamental differences in the radio properties of red and blue quasars: enhanced compact AGN emission in red quasars [J].
Fawcett, V. A. ;
Alexander, D. M. ;
Rosario, D. J. ;
Klindt, L. ;
Fotopoulou, S. ;
Lusso, E. ;
Morabito, L. K. ;
Rivera, G. Calistro .
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2020, 494 (04) :4802-4818
[43]   A fundamental relation between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies [J].
Ferrarese, L ;
Merritt, D .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2000, 539 (01) :L9-L12
[44]   CHASING HIGHLY OBSCURED QSOs IN THE COSMOS FIELD [J].
Fiore, F. ;
Puccetti, S. ;
Brusa, M. ;
Salvato, M. ;
Zamorani, G. ;
Aldcroft, T. ;
Aussel, H. ;
Brunner, H. ;
Capak, P. ;
Cappelluti, N. ;
Civano, F. ;
Comastri, A. ;
Elvis, M. ;
Feruglio, C. ;
Finoguenov, A. ;
Fruscione, A. ;
Gilli, R. ;
Hasinger, G. ;
Koekemoer, A. ;
Kartaltepe, J. ;
Ilbert, O. ;
Impey, C. ;
Le Floc'h, E. ;
Lilly, S. ;
Mainieri, V. ;
Martinez-Sansigre, A. ;
McCracken, H. J. ;
Menci, N. ;
Merloni, A. ;
Miyaji, T. ;
Sanders, D. B. ;
Sargent, M. ;
Schinnerer, E. ;
Scoville, N. ;
Silverman, J. ;
Smolcic, V. ;
Steffen, A. ;
Santini, P. ;
Taniguchi, Y. ;
Thompson, D. ;
Trump, J. R. ;
Vignali, C. ;
Urry, M. ;
Yan, L. .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2009, 693 (01) :447-462
[45]   On the fraction of quasars with outflows [J].
Ganguly, Rajib ;
Brotherton, Michael S. .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2008, 672 (01) :102-107
[46]   A relationship between nuclear black hole mass and galaxy velocity dispersion [J].
Gebhardt, K ;
Bender, R ;
Bower, G ;
Dressler, A ;
Faber, SM ;
Filippenko, AV ;
Green, R ;
Grillmair, C ;
Ho, LC ;
Kormendy, J ;
Lauer, TR ;
Magorrian, J ;
Pinkney, J ;
Richstone, D ;
Tremaine, S .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2000, 539 (01) :L13-L16
[47]   The radio spectra of reddened Two Micron All Sky Survey quasi-stellar objects: evidence for young radio jets [J].
Georgakakis, A. ;
Grossi, M. ;
Afonso, J. ;
Hopkins, A. M. .
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2012, 421 (03) :2223-2231
[48]   The XMM deep survey in the CDF-S IV. Compton-thick AGN candidates [J].
Georgantopoulos, I. ;
Comastri, A. ;
Vignali, C. ;
Ranalli, P. ;
Rovilos, E. ;
Iwasawa, K. ;
Gilli, R. ;
Cappelluti, N. ;
Carrera, F. ;
Fritz, J. ;
Brusa, M. ;
Elbaz, D. ;
Mullaney, R. J. ;
Castello-Mor, N. ;
Barcons, X. ;
Tozzi, P. ;
Balestra, I. ;
Falocco, S. .
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2013, 555
[49]   The synthesis of the cosmic X-ray background in the Chandra and XMM-Newton era [J].
Gilli, R. ;
Comastri, A. ;
Hasinger, G. .
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2007, 463 (01) :79-96
[50]   Supermassive black holes at high redshift are expected to be obscured by their massive host galaxies' interstellar medium [J].
Gilli, R. ;
Norman, C. ;
Calura, F. ;
Vito, F. ;
Decarli, R. ;
Marchesi, S. ;
Iwasawa, K. ;
Comastri, A. ;
Lanzuisi, G. ;
Pozzi, F. ;
D'Amato, Q. ;
Vignali, C. ;
Brusa, M. ;
Mignoli, M. ;
Cox, P. .
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2022, 666