On-line HPLC tandem mass spectrometry structural characterization of case-associated contaminants of L-tryptophan implicated with the onset of eosinophilia myalgia syndrome

The eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) outbreak that occurred in the USA in 1989 was caused by the intake of L-tryptophan (Trp) produced from one manufacturer, Showa Denko K.K. of Japan. Six compounds present in the Trp were reported to be case-associated contaminants. However, three of these compounds, Peaks C, FF and AAA have remained unidentified. Here, we successfully employ on-line HPLC-electrospray ionization multistage mass spectrometry to structurally characterize Peak C and Peak FF. Peak C was determined by accurate mass-LC-MS to have a protonated molecular ion MH+ = 221.0919 with an empirical formula of C11H13N2O3. By comparing the LC-MS-MS spectra with authentic 5-OHTrp and other structurally similar compounds, as well as considering the chemical reactivity of the indole ring, the structure of Peak C was consistent with 3a-hydroxy-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo-[2,3-b]-indole-2-carboxylic acid. Peak FF was also subjected to accurate mass-LC-MS and shown to have MH+ = 338.1524, corresponding to an empirical formula of C19H20N3O3. Comparison of the LC-MS-MS and LC-sCID-MS-MS of spectra derived from Peak FF with a previously characterized contaminant of Trp, namely P31, was consistent with Peak FF being 2-(2-hydroxy indoline)-Trp. Unlike the majority of the contaminants identified in EMS implicated tryptophan, both Peaks C and FF possess an indoline ring. This is significant since a case-associated contaminant found in 5-hydroxy-Trp also contains an indoline ring, and the chemical reactivity of this ring system may possibly play a role in the etiology of EMS. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.