We're no angels: Realism, rational choice, and relationality in social science

An alarm has been sounded that historical sociology is subverting the theoretical aims of social science. Criticizing an array of widely influential scholars, Kiser and Hechter propose that rational choice theory; can avoid the trend toward "empiricism" that results from the import of history into sociology. Their position is based on theoretical realism-a radically antipositivist thesis that uses ontological and theoretical postulates to theorize about reality beyond positive appearance. A close examination of theoretical realism casts doubts on the epistemological foundations of rational choice theory. Relational realism, the alternative introduced here, places greater emphasis on the pragmatic elements of explanation, supporting a more relational, causal-historical, and problem-driven view of theory. A renewed appreciation of what is defined as Kuhn's historical epistemology provides the foundation for evaluating these competing research programs.