Towards Understanding Senior Citizens' Gateball Participations Behavior and Well-Being: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior

Successful aging is expected goal for every older adult. Well-being has been considered an important indicator of successful aging. Thus the aim of this study is applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to investigate senior citizens' leisure participation behavior and their perceived psychological well-being of participating in gateball-playing activities. We analyze a survey of 614 Taiwanese senior citizens gateball players to test the hypothesized. The results indicated that perceived behavioral control, attitude, and subjective norm have significant positive effects on gateball participation behavior, and ultimately significant positive impact on senior citizens' perceived psychological well-being. Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have positive and significant effects on attitude. Friend/co-worker influences have significant positive effects on subjective norm. Both resource facilitating conditions and self-efficacy have significant positive effects on perceived behavioral control. Managerial implications and suggestions are also discussed in this study.