Rapid Overlap Initiation Protocol Using Low Dose Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment in an Outpatient Setting: A Case Series

Objectives Fear and risk of precipitated withdrawal are barriers for initiating buprenorphine in individuals with opioid use disorder, particularly among those using fentanyl. A buprenorphine rapid overlap initiation (ROI) protocol (also knownas "rapidmicro-dosing") utilizing small, escalating doses of buprenorphine can overcome this barrier, reaching therapeutic doses in 3 to 4 days. We sought to demonstrate the feasibility of implementing a buprenorphine ROI protocol for buprenorphine initiation in the outpatient setting. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients prescribed an outpatient ROI protocol at the Office-based Buprenorphine Induction Clinic from October to December 2020. The ROI protocol utilizes divided doses of sublingual buprenorphine tablets and blister packaging for easier dosing. Patients were not required to stop other opioid use and were advised to follow up on day 4 of initiation. Results Twelve patients were included, of whom eleven (92%) were using fentanyl at intake. Eleven patients picked up their prescription. Seven patients returned for follow-up (58%), and all 7 completed the ROI protocol. One patient reported any withdrawal symptoms, which were mild. At 30 days, 7 patients (58%) were retained in care, and 5 (42%) were still receiving buprenorphine treatment, 4 (33%) of whom had been abstinent from nonprescribed opioid use for >= 2 weeks. Conclusions The ROI protocol was successful in initiating buprenorphine treatment for patients in our outpatient clinic, many of whom were using fentanyl. The ROI protocol may offer a safe alternative to traditional buprenorphine initiation and warrants further study.