Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Angelica sylvestris L. var. stenoptera Ave-Lall ex Boiss.: An Endangered Medicinal Plant of Northeast Turkey

Angelica sylvestris L. var. stenoptera Ave-Lall ex Boiss. (ASS) is an endangered endemic plant to Turkey. The objective of the study was to determine antioxidant activities, total phenolics, and phytochemical properties of methanolic extracts (MEs) and essential oil (EO) from ASS for the first time with the methods of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH center dot) radical scavenging activities, 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS(center dot+)), ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), the Folin-Ciocalteu, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. The leaf extract of ASS was found to be the richest in phenolic content (543.91 +/- 6.33 GAE, mu g/mL) and showed the highest DPPH center dot and FRAP activities (IC50: 0.1140 +/- 0.0011 mg/mL, 675.62 +/- 15.01 mu M TEAC). EO of ASS root showed DPPH center dot and FRAP activities (IC50: 1.3248 +/- 0.0572 mg/mL, 346.67 +/- 12.75 mu M TEAC). 19 phenolics were detected in MEs of different parts of ASS by LC/MS/MS. In the chemical composition of ASS root EO by GC/MS, globulol (70.70%) was found to be the major compound. Our results indicate that ASS can be used a source of phytochemicals and antioxidants for conservation and sustainability of endangered plants.