Universal Design Approaches Among Norwegian Experts

This study addresses a need for a better understanding of methodological decisions in universal design (UD) of ICT systems. Practices employed by recognized Norwegian professionals on UD of ICT systems are studied through survey research. An online survey is used. Non-probabilistic stepwise selection identifies a local sample of 70 profiled professionals. A bottom-up, inductive and emergent approach is used for analyzing method usage and methodological approaches. Correlations are investigated. Results indicate Norwegian professionals overall use cross-method user-centered universal design, with direct user contact. Results also highlight the large overlap between UD and user-centered design (UCD). Personal factors and external values influence method selection more than external constraints - somewhat contradicting the perception that budget is the main key to ensuring UD and supporting the assumption that methodological competence is important for ensuring UD quality. Personal factors affecting approach and method selection are not necessarily linked to epistemologies or methodological stances, as initially assumed, but rather to the importance placed on user-involvement. The main influencing external factor is normative emphasis on UD value. Future work will focus on identifying success factors for universal design, and utilizing the knowledge in tools supporting universal design quality (UD-Q) control.