Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Characteristics and Applications

被引:1
作者
Jeske, Richard [1 ]
Bejoy, Julie [1 ,2 ]
Marzano, Mark [1 ]
Li, Yan [1 ]
机构
[1] Florida State Univ, FAMU FSU Coll Engn, Dept Chem & Biomed Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA
[2] Vanderbilt Univ, Coll Med, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA
关键词
extracellular vesicles; exosomes; induced pluripotent stem cells; mesodermal cells; neurological diseases; MESENCHYMAL STROMAL CELLS; EXOSOMES; BRAIN; MECHANISMS; PROTEIN; MODELS; MSCS; DIFFERENTIATION; CONTRIBUTES; BIOGENESIS;
D O I
10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0252
中图分类号
Q813 [细胞工程];
学科分类号
摘要
Impact statement In this review, we summarized the work related to extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). In particular, EVs/exosomes derived from hPSCs of different lineage specifications and the applications of these stem cell-derived exosomes in neurological diseases are discussed. The results highlight the important role of cell-cell interactions in neural cellular phenotype and neurodegeneration. The findings reported in this article are significant for pluripotent stem cell-derived cell-free products toward applications in stem cell-based therapies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are found to play an important role in various biological processes and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Because of the protective effects, stem cell-derived EVs can be used to reduce oxidative stress and apoptosis in the recipient cells. In addition, EVs/exosomes have been used as directional communication tools between stem cells and parenchymal cells, giving them the ability to serve as biomarkers. Likewise, altered EVs/exosomes can be utilized for drug delivery by loading with proteins, small interfering RNAs, and viral vectors, in particular, because EVs/exosomes are able to cross the blood-brain barrier. In this review article, the properties of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived EVs are discussed. The biogenesis, that is, how EVs originate in the endosomal compartment or from the cell layer of microvesicles, EV composition, the available methods of purification, and characterizations of EVs/exosomes are summarized. In particular, EVs/exosomes derived from iPSCs of different lineage specifications and the applications of these stem cell-derived exosomes in neurological diseases are discussed.
引用
收藏
页码:129 / 144
页数:16
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