Universal Design for Learning-A framework for inclusion in Outdoor Learning

This article proposes the application of the principles of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) as a framework for promoting inclusion in outdoor learning in primary school settings. The authors conceptualise outdoor learning, highlighting the potential for more child-initiated experiential learning. Yet this paper is not concerned only with outdoor learning, but with the inclusion of all learners in outdoor learning, through enactment of the curriculum in mainstream schooling. The diverse profile of children in primary schools calls on teachers to prepare teaching, learning and assessment activities to address a wide range of social, emotional, physical, cognitive and cultural needs. Contemporary researchers recognise outdoor learning as an effective pedagogy to promote inclusion and therefore reduce the barriers for full participation in the primary classroom. UDL is offered as a framework for planning outdoor learning to support delivery of curricula that are responsive to the needs of all learners. UDL is underpinned by three principles: multiple means of engagement, representation, expression and action. Two vignettes are shared to illustrate how these principles can be applied to outdoor learning in a meaningful and sustained way. The article highlights the benefits for teachers and learners of applying UDL principles to outdoor learning to promote inclusion in the diverse primary class.