Homozygosity Mapping Identifies the Crumbs Homologue 1 (Crb1) Gene as Responsible for a Recessive Syndrome of Retinitis Pigmentosa and Nanophthalmos

The association of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and microphthalmia has been reported in a number of familial and isolated cases. Here, the results of genetic analysis in a familial case of early RP associated with nanophthalmos are described. Two affected sibs were ascertained from an endogamous population in Mexico. A genome-wide linkage analysis was performed by means of an Affymetrix 250K microarray. Five large regions of homozygosity were demonstrated. The largest interval comprised 15.08 Mb at chromosome 1q31-32.1 and contained the Crumbs homologue-1, CRB1, a gene responsible for a number of recessive retinal dystrophies. Nucleotide sequence analysis demonstrated a c. 1125C > G transversion in CRB1 exon 5, predicting a novel p.Tyr375X variant. To our knowledge this is the first instance in which a CRB1 mutation has been associated with early RP and nanophthalmos. Our results suggest a role for CRB1 in promoting axial growth of the eye. Clinical analysis of additional subjects with retinal dystrophies due to CRB1 mutations will help to identify if the high hyperopia, a frequently observed trait in these subjects, could be related to decreased eye axial length (nanophthalmos). (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.