With the development of multilevel theory, increasingly researchers focus on strategic human capital by adopting cross/multilevel approach, which provide a solid foundation for exploring strategic human capital. This paper reviewed a series of frontier literatures, and integrated resource-based theory and multilevel theory to research strategic human capital. We firstly conducted analysis of some related definitions to clarify the concept of strategic human capital. Then, we explored the formation mechanism of strategic human capital by using "complementarities" and "emergence". Furthermore, based on the insights drawn from this review, we proposed a series of next steps to stimulate future research on strategic human capital.