Post-Traumatic Epilepsy in Children-Experience From a Tertiary Referral Center

BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic epilepsy after a traumatic brain injury occurs in 10%-20% of children. Unfortunately, a biomarker that could provide prognostic information about both post-traumatic epilepsy and cognitive development is lacking. In this first of a series of studies, we have reviewed and analyzed clinical variables in children following traumatic brain injury to understand the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of post-traumatic epilepsy in our urban population. METHODS: We performed a retrospective electronic chart review of patients who had suffered traumatic brain injury and subsequently evaluated at Children's Hospital of Michigan from 2002 to 2012. Various epidemiologic and clinical variables were analyzed. RESULTS: Patients who had severe traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic epilepsy had an abnormal acute head computed tomography. These patients had increased number of different seizure types, increased risk of intractability of epilepsy, and were on multiple antiepileptic drugs. Hypomotor seizure was the most common seizure type in these patients. There was a high prevalence of patients who suffered nonaccidental trauma, all of whom had severe traumatic brain injury. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates a need for biomarkers in children following traumatic brain injury to reliably evaluate the risk of post-traumatic epilepsy.